Wie entsteht eigentlich eine Supernova
Wieder eine neue Folge von »SCIENTIA erklärt die Welt«. Heute widmen wir uns dem Mysterium Supernova.
Hubble Space Telescope-Bild der Supernova 1994D (SN1994D) am Rand der Galaxie NGC 4526 (SN 1994D ist der helle Fleck unten links). Foto: NASA/ESA
Sie blitzen plötzlich auf, strahlen heller als je zuvor. Wenn ein Stern zu einer Supernova wird, zeigt er noch einmal all seine ganze Energie bevor er stirbt. Manchmal überstrahlen sie so ganze Galaxien, sind teils sogar am Tageshimmer zu beobachten. Doch wie entstehen solche Supernovae? Eine neue Folge von »SCIENTIA erklärt die Welt«.
Eine Supernova wird definiert als die»plötzlich eintretende Explosion am Lebens ende eines Sterns«. Es gibt zwei Theorien, was die Entstehung von Supernovae angeht. Die erste besagt, dass sie entstehen können, wenn das Brennmaterial erschöpft ist. Der Stern ist nicht mehr stabil und kann sich nicht mehr halten. Die Schwerkraft schaft es dann, die Oberhand zu gewinnen und der Stern fällt schlagartig in sich zusammen. Dabei wird sehr viel Energie freigesetzt. Das ist dann die eigentliche beobachtbare Supernova.
Zweite Theorie: Hier vermuten Wissenschaftler, dass eine Supernova aus einem Doppelsternsystem ensteht. Hierbei bekommt einer der beiden Sterne, ein ausgebrannter so genannter „Weißer Zwerg“, von dem anderen neues Brennmaterial. Dadurch können im Innern des Weißen Zwergs wieder Fusionsprozesse in Gang gesetzt werden. Die können allerdings so energiereich sein, dass der Stern explodiert – eine Supernova entsteht.
- Neue Serie: Scientia erklärt die Welt
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